Analysis of Water Supply and Demand in Kaduna North Local Government, Kaduna, Nigeria

A. Ibrahim, S. Ahmed, A. Ismail, L. Batagarawa, H. Garba

Abstract


Water supplies monitored in Kaduna Urban area have shown persistent shortages relative to demand in some areas. This study aims to evaluate the availability of water supply in Kaduna North local government area of Kaduna metropolis. A questionnaire survey and structured interviews were administered to determine the sources of water and water consumption in the study area using stratified random sampling. The medium and low-density households mostly use Tap and borehole water as their sources, the high-density areas relied on Tap and well water while the commercial, industrial and institutional establishments adopted Tap and boreholes. The result of the analysis from the random sample surveyed in low, medium and high-density areas showed that the residential per capita water uses in low density ranged between 70.25 L/d to 115.22 L/d with an average value of 92.74 L/d, for medium density areas ranged from 55.50 L/d to 66.94l/d, with an average of 61.22 L/d. The results obtained from the comparison of water demand in sectors using billing, survey and Kaduna State Water Board (KSWB) water demand, show that the total water consumption by billing method is lower compared to the other cases with a value of 39,185,300 L/d for the three sectors, followed by the KSWB standard with a higher value of  56,061,124 L/d for the three sectors, while survey data happens to be the one with a higher value of 56,473,837.5 L/d total water demand for the three sectors in comparison with the other cases, this shows that the water supply to the consumers is lower than the demand. Also, the quality of the water was assessed by carrying out laboratory tests on 17 physiochemical and 2 microbiological parameters in comparison with the World Health Organization (WHO) standard of drinking water and the Nigerian standard (NSDWQ). The results indicated that sample 1 (S1) is a raw water sample collected from river Kaduna, Malali before treatment is above all the limits set by WHO and Nigerian standards, while other points of the collection have most parameters within the limits except for some heavy metals and total dissolved solids.


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