The Use of Biosand Filter as an Alternative for Safe Rural Water Supply

Abstract

Adequate and easily accessible water that meets safety standards is paramount for safeguarding public health, regardless of its intended use. However, ensuring access to a reliable and safe water supply remains a considerable challenge, particularly in developing countries, especially within rural regions. In these areas, individuals often source water from unprotected reservoirs and utilize it without proper treatment, exposing themselves to significant health hazards. To address this pressing issue, the study employed the Biosand Water Filter (BSF) as a solution to examine its effectiveness in providing portable and safe water. The study involved treating water samples from three distinct sources—Stream, Hand Dug Well, and Borehole—using three different BSF systems. The subsequent assessment encompassed the analysis of both untreated and treated water samples using established standard methods. The results of the study are compelling. Notably, there was a complete removal of Escherichia coli from all three water sources. Additionally, the elimination rate of total coliforms was 100% in the Borehole water source and approximately 97% and 98.21% in the Stream and Hand Dug Well sources, respectively. Further analyses revealed a complete removal of various particulate matters, including color, turbidity, and iron, from the Borehole water source. Conversely, the average percentage removal of color was 97.23% and 91.05% for the Stream and Hand Dug Well sources, respectively, while turbidity showed removal rates of 96.45% and 98.85%, respectively. Nevertheless, the study noted an increase in the concentration of certain parameters. The average pH values experienced an increment of 6.19%, 11.31%, and 11.58% for the Stream, Hand Dug Well, and Borehole sources, respectively. Similarly, the average electrical conductivity (EC) values displayed increments of 68.71%, 43.64%, and 70.41% for the Stream, Hand Dug Well, and Borehole sources, respectively. The average total dissolved solids (TDS) values also saw increases of 69.01%, 43.52%, and 52.15% for the Stream, Hand Dug Well, and Borehole sources, respectively. In contrast, average total alkalinity values showed increments of 71.69%, 40.22%, and 52.15% for the Stream, Hand Dug Well, and Borehole sources, respectively. These increases in parameter concentrations could potentially offer health benefits to individuals with gastrointestinal conditions within the targeted population. Based on the study's findings, the Biosand Water Filter (BSF) emerges as a promising alternative for providing safe water supply within rural areas. The study underscores the potential of this solution to effectively mitigate health risks associated with untreated water, especially in regions where access to clean water remains a challenge.