Comparison of Physicochemical Parameters in Raw and Treated Borehole Sachet Water within Kaduna Metropolis

Saleh I. U., Ugwu S. J., Abubakar M., Muhammad I. A., Shariff F. U., Adedokun A. A.

Abstract


This study examines the water quality parameters of pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), temperature, and turbidity in raw and treated borehole water. The statistical analysis involved one-tailed and two-tailed t-tests to evaluate the significance of differences between these parameters. Regarding pH levels, both one-tailed and two-tailed p-values indicate a significant departure from the null hypothesis, revealing a substantial disparity in mean pH levels between raw and treated borehole water. The negative t-statistic suggests that treated water exhibits a higher pH than raw water. For TDS and EC levels, p-values greater than 0.05 signify a lack of strong evidence to reject the null hypothesis. Consequently, the disparities in mean TDS and EC levels between raw and treated borehole water may not be statistically significant. Although the positive t-statistics suggest higher values in raw water, these differences lack significance. The study also considers TSS levels, where a p-value exceeding 0.05 suggests no compelling basis to reject the null hypothesis. Consequently, the observed differences in mean TSS levels between raw and treated borehole water may not be statistically significant. A slightly lower TSS in raw water is implied by the negative t-statistic. For temperature, a p-value below 0.05 indicates a significant difference in mean temperature between raw and treated borehole water. The negative t-statistic proposes a lower mean temperature for raw water. Lastly, turbidity levels exhibit a p-value above 0.05, suggesting no substantial reason to reject the null hypothesis. Thus, the observed differences in mean turbidity levels between raw and treated borehole water may not be statistically significant. The negative t-statistic indicates slightly lower turbidity in raw water. This comprehensive analysis contributes to our understanding of water quality parameters in raw and treated borehole water. It underscores the significance of pH and temperature differences, while also highlighting the limited statistical significance in TDS, EC, TSS, and turbidity variations.


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