Genetic Diversity Analysis of Stay Green and Some Drought Tolerant Traits in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

Saidu G., Mahmood M. S., Hussaini I.

Abstract


Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)  is faced by several biotic and abiotic constraints that reduce its yield. Drought remains the main abiotic factor limiting the crop cultivation resulting in yield instability and food shortage.  The objective of the study was to assess the genetic diversity among the sorghum genotypes for stay-green and drought tolerant traits. About 169 was obtained and screened from Bauchi and Zaria, Nigeria from their germplasm collection. Eighteen genotypes were selected for  stay green traits were  screened  based on genetic diversity and stay green and other agro morphological traits under control and imposed drought condition in Bauchi  and Zaria in 2023 raining season, randomized complete  block designed was used on 18 sorghum genotypes. The genotypes were grouped into ABC major clusters elucidating a high level of genetic diversity which was useful for identifying suitable genotypes for stay green and drought tolerance breeding. The best characterized form of drought tolerance during crop growth is the non-senescence or “stay-green” trait. Genetic diversity analysis carried out with 18 out of 169 sorghum genotypes for drought tolerance using 18 stay-green specific polymorphic SSR markers revealed high level of polymorphism among the genotypes. The number of alleles produced by different primers ranged from 2 to 7 with an average of 4.0 alleles per primer. The polymorphic loci clearly discriminate all the genotypes. The similarity coefficients based on   SSR markers ranged from 0.02 to 1.00. However, the alternative stay-green genetic sources were found to be distinct based on either all the SSRs employed or using only those associated with the stay-green trait in B35. Therefore, the physiological and biochemical basis of each stay-green source should be evaluated in order to enhance the understanding of the functioning of the trait in the various backgrounds. These genetic sources of stay-green could provide a valuable resource for improving this trait in sorghum breeding programmes.


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