Optimizing Control Device Placement to Mitigate Hydraulic Transient Effects in Water Transmission Pipeline Networks

Adamu Shehu Timta, Aliyu Hassan El-Badawy, Ahmed Shehu Timta

Abstract


Hydraulic transient, commonly known as 'water hammer,' occurs in hydraulic fluid network systems due to rapid pressure variations caused by sudden changes in fluid momentum from transient events. This phenomenon poses significant challenges, particularly in high-pressure transmission networks, where it is crucial to model and analyze transient conditions to identify vulnerabilities and predict potential adverse effects. This research introduces a hydraulic transient and optimization model for determining the optimal placement of control devices in a water transmission pipeline network, considering transient events such as pump start. The study focuses on the 50MLD Zaria waterworks transmission pipeline network as a case study. The methodology involves transient modeling and iterative problem solving using a meta-heuristic (PSO) optimization technique. The goal is to maximize the minimum transient pressure head and minimize the maximum transient pressure head resulting from transient conditions under various worst-case scenarios. The results of the case study demonstrate that optimizing the locations of control devices leads to a significant improvement, with a 2.98% increase in the minimum transient pressure and a 0.72% decrease in the maximum transient pressure for one pump start scenario with one running pump. It is noteworthy that the optimized control device placement effectively mitigates the impact of transient pressures, ensuring that they remain within the pressure rating of the pipeline material (Steel ANSI) used throughout the system. This research underscores the importance of proactive measures in managing hydraulic transient effects, ultimately enhancing the reliability and performance of water transmission networks.


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