Potential impacts of Effluent from Non-Industrial Dyehouses in Kano Metropolis on Groundwater Quality in the Vicinity

Abdullahi S., Adie D. B., Gumel M. S., Salisu A.

Abstract


Water supplied by treatment plants in Kano Metropolis is far less than the demand and therefore low-income communities meet their water demands mostly through dug wells in households. Dyehouses operate in the neighbourhood of residential houses where the wastewater discharged has a propensity to contaminate the groundwater sources. A total of 18 dyehouses were investigated where residual vat dyebaths were collected. Groundwater samples were collected within a 100 m radius of the dyehouses. Sample collection, handling and analysis of physicochemical parameters were carried out as described by standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Heavy metals were measured using a Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrophotometer. Among the physicochemical parameters investigated in dye effluents, pH, colour, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids and sulphate were above the limits set by the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA). Except for Pb, all heavy metals investigated are within FEPA limits. Sodium is not listed but has an excessively high concentration (856.72 mg/l) Among the physico-chemical parameters studied in groundwater samples, temperature, conductivity and total dissolved solids with mean concentrations of 30.94 oC, 1112.2 µs/cm and 786.22 mg/l respectively have exceeded permissible limits specified by standards organization of Nigeria (SON) and world health organization (WHO) for drinking water quality. The mean values of pH and DO were 6.45 and 4.05 mg/l respectively and are indicative of poor water quality. The mean concentrations of sodium, iron, nickel, chromium, and lead were 808.75, 1.23, 0.1, 0.08, and 2.27 mg/l respectively which were above SON and WHO permissible limits. It may be concluded that the groundwater in the proximity of the dyehouses is not safe for drinking and irrigation.


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References


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