Proximate and Ultimate Analyses of Agricultural Byproducts: Sweet Potato Peel and Lemon Seed for Sustainable Water Treatment Applications

James Henry Abah, Donatus Begianpuye Adie

Abstract


Sweet potato peel (SPP) and lemon seed (LS) are agro-wastes commonly discarded in large quantities, particularly in Nigeria. With growing interest in sustainable waste management and eco-friendly water treatment solutions, these by-products offer potential as natural coagulants due to their unique chemical compositions. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using surplus SPP and LS as natural coagulants for wastewater treatment, focusing on their proximate and ultimate characteristics to determine their effectiveness and potential applications. The proximate analysis revealed that both SPP and LS have low moisture content, beneficial for storage and reducing microbial growth risks. SPP showed higher ash, crude protein, and fibre content, which may enhance coagulation efficiency by improving floc formation and facilitating protein interactions. LS, on the other hand, exhibited significantly higher crude lipid content, indicating its potential in treating hydrophobic contaminants. The ultimate analysis highlighted LS’s higher carbon content, suggesting better organic interactions, while SPP’s higher oxygen and nitrogen content indicated greater reactivity and interaction potential with proteins. The sulfur content in SPP may offer unique advantages in forming sulfide bonds during coagulation. Based on the findings of this study, SPP and LS demonstrate significant potential as natural coagulants for wastewater treatment. Their distinct chemical properties suggest different applications, with SPP being particularly effective in protein-rich wastewater and LS in treating hydrophobic pollutants. The use of these agro-wastes not only provides an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical coagulants but also supports sustainable waste management practices, aligning with the principles of a circular economy.


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