Evaluation of HEC-HMS Model for Simulation of Sediment in Shika Dam, Zaria-Nigeria

Ahmed Yahaya, Habibu Ismail, Sadiq Zubair Abubakar

Abstract


Sedimentation is a critical concern for Dams used for irrigation and water supply in Nigeria. This study evaluates the HEC-HMS model for simulating sediment yield and transport processes in Shika Dam, Zaria, Kaduna State. The daily continuous recording of rainfall-runoff and sediment discharge of Zaria (Shika) Dam was carried out for the period of two years (1st January, 2019 to 31st December, 2020). Physical measurements of the Dam's height and width were taken using standard measuring tools, while drainage surface area data were obtained from aerial images via Google Earth. Sediment samples and stream flow data were collected using a sediment Sampler and Current meter, while Total Suspended Solids (TSS) was analyzed in the laboratory. Geographic parameters were extracted through digital elevation models (DEM), GIS, and Remote Sensing techniques. The Calibration results indicated RMSE of 0.3, PBIAS of -17.69%, NSE of 0.880, and R² of 0.9824. Validation results yielded RMSE standard deviation of 0.20, NSE of 0.98, PBIAS of -16.05%, and R² of 0.87, demonstrating very good model performance and a strong correlation between simulated and observed flows. Overall, the HEC-HMS model exhibited strong validation for observed and simulated values, peak discharge, and outflow volume. The study concludes that the model is effective for simulating watershed runoff and sediment transport, making it valuable for predicting future hydro-meteorological events and enhancing water conservation management in Zaria and its surrounding areas.


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