Comparative Study on the Effectiveness of Demonstration and Discussion Strategies on Academic Achievement and Retention of Chemistry Concepts by Students in Secondary Schools in Kaduna State, Nigeria

Anaso Joy N.

Abstract


This study compared demonstration and discussion instructional strategies on the academic achievement and retention of chemistry concepts by students in some secondary schools in Zaria Education Zone, Kaduna State. The population for this study consists of all SSSII chemistry students in public senior secondary schools in Kaduna State. The sample used was 100 SSSII chemistry students selected from ten secondary schools with a population of nine hundred and eighty students. Three research questions and three null hypotheses guided the study. A Quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test and a post-post-test research design was employed. Instrument developed was Chemical Equilibrium Achievement Test (CEAT) with a reliability coefficient of 0.81. The data collected was analyzed using t-test Statistics at significance level of P≤0.05. The findings from the study revealed that subjects in the experimental (demonstration) group achieved significantly higher than the control group taught with the discussion instructional strategy. For retention ability, there was a significant difference in academic achievement between students exposed to demonstration instructional strategies over the discussion instructional strategy. In terms of gender, there was no significant difference in academic achievement between male and female students taught with either instructional strategy. Thus, the use of demonstration strategy enhanced students understanding in chemical equilibrium concept.  It is recommended that chemistry teachers should employ instructional strategies that are activity-based in teaching chemistry concepts to further enhance academic achievement of students in secondary schools and the Government, as well as NGOs, should sponsor the training and retraining of chemistry teachers on how to design and use the demonstration and discussion instructional strategies.


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