The Dichotomy between Manual and Digital Accounting Procedures in Nigerian Tertiary Institutions: A Focus on Bursary Departments

Abstract

This study investigates the persistent reliance on manual accounting systems in Nigerian tertiary institutions’ bursary departments, despite global trends toward digital transformation. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 50 institutions across Nigeria’s six geopolitical zones. Findings reveal that 70% of bursary departments use hybrid systems, while only 15% have fully digitized. Key barriers to digital adoption include unreliable electricity, high software costs, and resistance from staff. The study highlights the inefficiencies of manual systems, including high error rates and delayed financial reporting, and proposes policy interventions to facilitate digital transformation. The findings have significant implications for institutional leaders, policymakers, and accounting professionals, offering actionable insights for optimizing financial management practices in Nigerian higher education institutions.