Email this article Effect of partial feed deprivation on plasma total protein and glucose as stress indicators in African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822)
Abstract
A 28 days study was conducted to determine the relationship between partial feed deprivation and stress in African catfish Clarias gariepinus, using plasma total protein and glucose as stress indicator. A total of 120 catfish with an initial weight of 200 ±10 g were randomly stocked in triplicate at 20 fish per group and fed twice daily with a commercial diet at 9:00 am and 4:00 pm. The control groups (labelled B) were fed with 4% of their body weight while the experimental group (labelled A) were fed with 1% of their body weight. Blood samples were obtained from 30 fishes (15 from each group at 5 per tank) at intervals of 7 days for the entire experimental period and plasma total protein and glucose were measured. Although plasma total protein and glucose were not affected by feeding strategy at day 7, but are slightly lower compared to the control group. Furthermore, a significant decreased was observed at day 14, 21 and 28 in the experimental fish, which were most evident of stress in those fishes subjected to 28 days feed deprivation, unlike those of control groups that revealed more of normal plasma total protein and glucose levels. The study has observed that varying degree of starvation in catfish could have accounted for the stress in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Chen, C.-Y., Wooster, G. A., Getchell, R. G., Bowser, P. R., & Timmons, M. B. (2003). Blood chemistry of healthy, nephrocalcinosis-affected and ozone-treated tilapia in a recirculation system, with application of discriminant analysis. Aquaculture, 218(1), 89–102.
Chen, C. Y., Wooster, G. A., & Bowser, P. R. (2004). Comparative blood chemistry and histopathology of tilapia infected with Vibrio vulnificus or Streptococcus iniae or exposed to carbon tetrachloride, gentamicin, or copper sulfate. Aquaculture, 239(1–4), 421–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.05.033
Congleton, J. L., and Wagner, T. (2006). Blood-chemistry indicators of nutritional status in juvenile salmonids. Journal of Fish Biology, 69, 473–490. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01114.x
Costas, B., Arag??o, C., Ruiz-Jarabo, I., Vargas-Chacoff, L., Arjona, F. J., Dinis, M. T., … Concei????o, L. E. C. (2011). Feed deprivation in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858) juveniles: Effects on blood plasma metabolites and free amino acid levels. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 37(3), 495–504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-010-9451-2
Cui, X.-J., Zhou, Q.-C., Liang, H.-O., Yang, J., & Zhao, L.-M. (2010). Effects of dietary carbohydrate sources on the growth performance and hepatic carbohydrate metabolic enzyme activities of juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum Linnaeus). Aquaculture Research, 42(1), 99–107. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02574.x
Gaylord, T. G., & Gatlin III, D. M. (2000). Assessment of compensatory growth in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus R. and associated changes in body condition indices. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 31(3), 326–336.
Gillis, T. E., & Ballantyne, J. S. (1996). The effects of starvation on plasma free amino acid and glucose concentrations in lake sturgeon. Journal of Fish Biology, 49(6), 1306–1316.
Hemre, G. I., Mommsen, T. P., & Krogdahl, A. (2002). Carbohydrates in fish nutrition: Effects on growth, glucose metabolism and hepatic enzymes. Aquaculture Nutrition, 8(3), 175–194. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2095.2002.00200.x
Iii, D. M. G. (2001). Nutrition and Fish Health. (C. L. C. D. Webster, Ed.), Fish Nutrition (1st ed.). London: The Haworth Press. https://doi.org/asdf
Kamarudin, M. S., Otoi, S., & Saad, C. R. (2011). Changes in growth, survival and digestive enzyme activities of Asian redtail catfish, Mystus nemurus, larvae fed on different diets. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(21), 4484–4493. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB09.1895
Li, X. L., Li, G., Zhang, S. Y., & Tao, L. (2013). Effect of recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) on growth performance, body composition and hematological indicators of allogynogenetic crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology, 5(3), 348–355.
Martinez-Porchas, M., Martinez-Cordova, L. T., & Ramos-Enriquez, R. (2009). Cortisol and Glucose : Reliable indicators of fish stress ? Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 4, 158–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.01.025
Morgan, J. D., Sakamoto, T., Grau, E. G., & Iwama, G. K. (1997). Physiological and respiratory responses of the Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) to salinity acclimation. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, 117(3), 391–398.
Mountfort, D. O., Campbell, J., & Clements, K. D. (2002). Hindgut fermentation in three species of marine herbivorous fish. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68(3), 1374–1380. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.3.1374-1380.2002
Navarro, I., Blasco, J., Banos, N., & Gutierrez, J. (1997). Effects of fasting and feeding on plasma amino acid levels in brown trout. Fish Physiology & Biochemistry, 16(4), 303–309.
Navarro, I., & Gutiérrez, J. (1995). Fasting and starvation. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes, 4, 393–434.
Peres, H., & Oliva-Teles, A. (2002). Utilization of raw and gelatinized starch by European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. Aquaculture, 205(3–4), 287–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00682-2
Polakof, S., Panserat, S., Soengas, J. L., & Moon, T. W. (2012). Glucose metabolism in fish: A review. Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology, 182(8), 1015–1045. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-012-0658-7
Pottinger, T. G. (1998). Changes in blood cortisol, glucose and lactate in carp retained in anglers’ keepnets. Journal of Fish Biology, 53, 728–742. https://doi.org/10.1006/jfbi.1998.0737
Rotllant, J., & Tort, L. (1997). Cortisol and glucose responses after acute stress by net handling in the sparid red porgy previously subjected to crowding stress. Journal of Fish Biology, 51(1), 21–28.
Shimeno, S., Shikata, T., Hosokawa, H., Masumoto, T., & Kheyyali, D. (1997). Metabolic response to feeding rates in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Aquaculture, 151(1–4), 371–377.
Sinha, A. K., Kumar, V., Makkar, H. P. S., De Boeck, G., & Becker, K. (2011). Non-starch polysaccharides and their role in fish nutrition - A review. Food Chemistry, 127(4), 1409–1426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.02.042
Sulaiman, M.A., Kamarudin, M. S., & Ismail, M. F. S. (2017). The relationship between dietary carbohydrate level and the levels of blood glucose and amylase in lemon fin barb hybrid (Barbonymus gonionotus ♀ X Hypsibarbus wetmorei male ♂). ATBU, Journal of Science, Technology & Education, 5(3), 110–119. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00123.2017
Waagbo, R., Glette, J., Sandnes, K., & Hemre, G. I. (1994). Influence of dietary carbohydrate on blood chemistry , immunity and disease resistance in Atlantic salmon , Salmo salar L . Journal of Fish Disease, 19, 245–258.