Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Accumulation in Tomato Irrigation Farm at Kwadon, Gombe, Nigeria

Sulaiman M. B., Maigari I. A., Yahaya I.

Abstract


This study determined the levels of heavy metals in soils and tomatoes, and assessed the health risk via consumption of tomatoes grown by the irrigation in Kwadon, Gombe, Nigeria. A total of 45 soil and tomato samples were collected and analyzed for Mn, Cd, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cu and Zn using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (ASS). The results were subjected to further assessment; Transfer Factor (TF), Daily Intake of Metals (DIM) and Health Risk Index (HRI). The results showed that the mean concentrations ranged from (1.91 to 2.99 mg.kg-1) Mn, (2.21 to 3.00 mg.kg-1) Cd, (0.31 to 0.42 mg.kg-1) Ni, (0.40 to 0.51 mg.kg-1) Cr, (0.99 to 1.44 mg.kg-1) Pb, (0.88 to1.00 mg.kg-1) Cu and (3.15 to 4.30 mg.kg-1) Zn in soil samples and were all found to be below the World Health Organization (WHO, 1996) and Department of Petroleum Resources standards (DPR, 2002) except Cd higher than recommended value; while the values recorded for tomatoes ranged from (0.99 to 1.00 mg.kg-1) Mn, (0.98 to 1.09 mg.kg-1) Cd, (0.08 to 0.11 mg.kg-1) Ni, (0.12 to 0.22 mg.kg-1) Cr, (0.68 to 0.71 mg.kg-1) Pb, (0.43 to 0.54 mg.kg-1) Cu and (1.99 to 2.13 mg.kg-1) Zn. The values of TF obtained from this study were decline in the following order: Cu > Zn > Pb > Mn > Cd > Cr > Ni. The DIM and HRI values of studied heavy metals in all the studied sites were found to be < 1, this indicated no probable adverse health effects to exposed population.


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