Analysis of Nigerian Indigenous Jatropha Tanjorensis Leaves: FTIR Spectroscopy, Proximate and Mineral Composition

Jumare F. M, Anchau Z. G., Ibrahim D.

Abstract


Jatropha tanjorensis, a leafy plant, is renowned for its rich phytochemical composition and significant medicinal properties, making it a focal point of pharmacological research. This study investigates the leaves of Nigerian indigenous Jatropha tanjorensis through Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, proximate analysis, and determination of mineral composition. Fresh leaves of Jatropha tanjorensis were collected from mature plants in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria, authenticated, air-dried, and ground into powder. The plant powder was evaluated following the standard protocols outlined by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The Proximate analysis revealed 8.67% moisture, 5.25% crude protein, 12.27% crude fat, 11.33% crude fiber, 8.67% ash, and 53.81% carbohydrates, highlighting its nutritional value and potential health benefits. Mineral analysis indicated significant levels of essential minerals, including calcium (4490.25 mg/kg), magnesium (776.75 mg/kg), potassium (15,500.0 mg/kg), sodium (29,000.0 mg/kg), and phosphorus (4322.27 mg/kg), alongside trace elements such as iron (1702.00 mg/kg), manganese (57.50 mg/kg), and zinc (114.50 mg/kg). Heavy metals like chromium (3.25 mg/kg) and cobalt (25.25 mg/kg) were also detected. FTIR spectroscopy identified functional groups such as O-H, C-H, N-H, C=O, C=C, C-O, and N-H associated with phenolic compounds, hydrocarbons, amines, carbonyl groups, and aromatic compounds. These functional groups are linked to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.   The findings highlight the therapeutic potential of Jatropha tanjorensis leaves, emphasizing their value as a source for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. Further studies are recommended to isolate and characterize the specific bioactive compounds responsible for these activities and explore their applications in nutrition, medicine, and industry.


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