Abstract
Effect of different concentrations of garlic extract on crown gall of some varieties of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) was investigated. Crown gall is a plant disease caused by the soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The experiment was conducted at Agricultural farm Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State. (Latitude 11.000N to 13.00N0 and longitude 8.000E to 10.50E). The duration of the study was between Augusts to October, 2019. Two varieties of tomato plants were used, a local variety and an improved variety which are normally grown in Dutse town. Plant infected with crown gall as a source of A. tumefaciens bacteria were obtained from experts at local nursery and stab inoculation" technique using a pin was used to infect the tomato seedlings with the bacteria. The experimental design used was completely randomized block design. Different concentrations of garlic extract were used at; 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% concentration levels and then the control. Data was collected on number of crown galls for each of the two varieties and growth parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight. From the result 50% concentration of the garlic extract had more effect on the crown gall than any of the treatments, followed by 75% then 25% then 100% garlic extract. With regards to the two types of varieties after the inoculation of the plants with the bacteria, the improved variety had the least number of infected plants (90%) and responded well to the treatment and had the highest seedling growth more than the local variety that had the highest number of infected plants (98%) and had reduced seedling growth. The implication and significant of this findings is that elimination of crown gall and high seedling growth were obtained using 50% garlic concentration. This shows that high garlic concentration (100%) has negative effect on plant growth and therefore reduced seedling growth due to its high concentration. This indicates that moderate concentration (50%) is needed to combat the disease and allow growth. Therefore selecting such concentration over any other will be a wiser choice as it is more effective in tackling crown gall disease. Effect of Different Concentrations of Garlic Extract on Crown Gall and Seedling Growth of Some Varieties of Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.) Grown in Dutse Town, Jigawa State
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