Effects of Salinity on Yield and Yield Components of Some Varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Auyo M. I., Aliyu A., Zakari M. M.

Abstract


Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a monocotyledon spermatophyte crop belonging to the genus Oryza of the family Poaceae, it is one of the vital agricultural food crops cultivated globally and a crop is grown under an extensive irrigation scheme. In the semi-arid region of Northern Nigeria, the interplay of climatic, geological and anthropogenic characteristics makes the soil virtually saline, among the monocot crops, rice is salt-sensitive and its productivity is severely affected by the accumulation of soluble salts in soils, especially in areas where irrigation is an essential aid to agriculture. Field trial experiment under split-plot design (SPD) with three replications was carried out to assess the effects of NaCl and CaCl2 at different concentrations (0.22, 4, 6, 8 10 dSm-1) on yield and yield components of some varieties of rice in Phase II Hadejia-Jama’are River Basin Irrigation Land. The result of analysis of variance revealed that yield and yield components of rice were negatively affected among varieties and salinity of both salt types at different concentrations, particularly in the range of 8 to 10dSm-1. FARO 52 and FARO 44 produced higher yields thus, appeared to be more tolerant in terms of yield and yield components compared to JAMILA. This could be attributed to the genetic make-up of the varieties. It can be concluded that the yield and yield components of rice varieties studied were strongly affected among the varieties and the two salt types at different concentrations. As different rice responds differently to salinity, it is recommended that more rice varieties need to be screened for salinity tolerance and agronomic practices including proper methods of irrigation, water management and appropriate use of fertilizer among others should be reviewed to control the accumulation of salts in the soil.


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