Determination of the Pollution level from Industries within Kaduna Metropolis

Abstract

Samples were collected bi-monthly and averaged for the period of rainy and dry seasons, from six locations on the course of the Kaduna River; Kaduna North Water Works (KNWW), Kaduna South Water Works (KSWW), River Kaduna Bye-Pass Bridge (RKBB), Kudenda Village (KV), Ungwar Muazu (UM) and Kabala West (KW),  also from four main industrial drainages; Makera Drain (MD), Kakuri Drain (KD), Romi Drain (RMD) and Rafin Dai Drain (RFD). In the assessments, physical and chemical parameters were analyzed during the rainy and dry seasons to meet, exceed or occur less than the NESREA or WHO guidelines. From the assessment during the rainy season, few chemical characteristics recorded their highest concentration; alkalinity and iron at the MD; while chloride and nitrate at the KD. However, the assessment during dry season; the following physical characteristics; turbidity and colour recorded their highest concentration at the KD and electrical conductivity recorded its highest concentration at the MD during the dry season. Also, temperature and total solids recorded their highest concentration during the dry season at the RKBB and UM respectively. In the assessment of the chemical characteristics during the dry season, the following recorded their highest concentration; pH, manganese, total hardness, cyanide and chlorine at the MD and DO recorded its highest concentration and lowest concentration at the KNWW and MD respectively. BOD, COD, ammonia and fluoride recorded their highest concentration at the KD. Zinc and aluminium recorded their highest concentration at the RMD. Cyanide also recorded its highest concentration at the RKBB. Phosphorus recorded their highest concentration at the KW and UM respectively. The upstream of the river is assumed to be relatively unpolluted, but as the flow progressed downstream, wastes were introduced or even dispersed due to dilution or self-purification, therefore indicating some temporarily changes in the river process