Mosquito Vectors Associated with Lymphatic Filariasis in some Endemic Rural Communities of Katsina State, Nigeria

Lawal Saadatu Bagiwa, Dalhatu Hadiza Umar, Jubril Jamila

Abstract


Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a chronic nematode infection transmitted by mosquitoes, in sub-Saharan Africa the causative agent is Wuchereria bancrofti. Despite the success of MDA, the national and global LF elimination slated for the year 2020 are now practically unattainable as Mass Drug Administration (MDA) has not commenced in all of the endemic implementation units. The study was conducted in three endemic local governments of Katsina state to detect the presence of microfilariae of W.bancrofti in the mosquito vector and blood samples of the participants. Indoor resting mosquitoes were collected using the pyrethrum knock-down (PSC) method in randomly selected houses, morphologically identified and Anopheles mosquitoes confirmed using molecular technique. Mosquito samples were assessed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Two genera of mosquitoes; Anopheles and Culex were identified in the study. Two species of Anopheles, An.gambiae s.s and An.funestus were isolated of which the former were more predominant, constituting 61% of the Anopheles population in the study area. Both species of Anopheles were found in all the communities except from Sabon G/Nadungu which had only A. gambiae. Highest number of An. gambiae s.s and An. funestus (28/70 and 13/45 respectively) were collected from Garhi in Dutsin-Ma LGA. In conclusion the result presented in this study gave an insight into the mosquito population of the study area, with Anopheles gambiae s.s as the dominant species. SspI-PCR assay detected no infection in Anopheles funestus and Culex species, but only Anopheles gambiae s.s was positive with Wuchereria bancrofti. It is important to understand vector-parasite relationships and mode of transmission of LF through mass awareness campaigns in order to gain support of control programmes by the communities.  


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