Production and Characterization of Hybrid from Feedstock of Moringa Oleifera and Palm Kernel Seeds Oil

S. U. Mohammed, C. E. Igwe, W. C. Solomon, M. Samuel, A. Sa'ad, A. Haruna

Abstract


The study examined the production and characterization oil from moringa oleifera and palm kernel seeds. The moringa oleifera and palm kernel seeds oil were extracted Soxhlet extractor. The seeds oil feedstock was converted to biodiesel through in-situ hybridization process, at different blend ratios. Moringa oleifera biodiesel feedstock was used as the main constituents in the in situ hybridization and as such the maximum allowable ratio of ≤50 for excellent biodiesel qualities was adopted. The hybridized blends adopted for this study are MB80PKB20, MB50PKB50, MB30PKB70. The hybridized biodiesel fuel blends were characterized using ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. Characterization of the hybridized biodiesel fuels blends conform to the stipulated standards with the exception of acid number. The acid number for the pure biodiesel feedstock and that of the hybridized blends were all above the stipulated limit of 0.5. Moreover, hybridized blend ofMB30PKB70 possess high pour point which falls above the acceptable maximum range of 195 – 261 mgKOH/g. From the foregoing, it could be deduced that the hybridized biodiesel blends could be used in compression ignition engines.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Adegbe, A. A., Laurayenta, R. A. and Omojuwo, T. J. (2016) Proximate Analysis, Physicochemical Properties and Constituents Characterization of Moringa Oleifera (Moringacea) Seed Oil Using GC-MS Analysis. American Journal of Chemistry, vol. ^(2), pp 23-28

Ali, O. M., Mamat, R., Abdullah, N. R. and Abdullah, A. A. (2015) Analysis of blended fuel properties and engine performance with palm biodiesel-diesel blended fuel. Renew. Energy, vol. 86, pp 59–67.

Alnuami, W., Buthainah, A., Etti, C. J., Jassim L. I. and Gomes G. A., (2014) Evaluation of Different Materials for Biodiesel Production. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering IJITEE), vol. 3(8), pp. 60-65.

ASTM (2002) Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel (B100) Blend Stock for Distillate fuel, American Society for Testing and Materials, D6751 and EN 14214

Azad, A. K. Rasul, M. G., Khan, M. M. Sharma, C. and Islam, R. (2015) Prospect for Moringa Seed Oil as a Sustainable Biodiesel Fuel in Australia: A Review. Procedia Engineering, vol. 105, pp. 601-606

Bong, A. M., Kor, N. M., Peter T. Ndifon, P. T. and Yahya Muhammad Sani, Y. M. (2018) Asian Journal of Biotechnology and Bioresource Technology, vol. 3, pp 1-17

CODEX Alimentarius Commission (2009) Report on 21st Session on Fats and Oils, Recommended Standard, FAO/WHO, Kola Kiriabalu, Malaysia.

Canakci, M. (2007) “The Potential of Restaurant Waste Lipids as Biodiesel Feed-stocks. Bio-resource Technology, vol. 98, pp.183–190.

Demirbas A. (2003) Biofuels from Vegetable Oils via Catalytic and Non-Catalytic Supercritical alcohol Transesterifications and other Methods: A Survey. Energy Convers. Manage, vol. 44, pp 99-109.

Demirbas, A. (2008) Biofuels Sources, Biofuel Policy, Biofuel Economy and Global Biofuel Projections. Energy Convers Manage vol.49, pp. 2106–2116.

Demirbas, M.F. (2009)“Bio Refineries for Biofuel Upgrading: A Critical Review. Applied Energy, vol. 86, pp151–161.

Elola-Eboka, A. C. and Inambao, F. L. (2016) Hybridization of Feedstocks – A New Approach in Biodiesel Development: A case of Moringa and Jatropha Seeds Oil. Energy Source, Part A. Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effect, vol. 38(11), pp 1495-1502

Eze, S. O. O. (2012) Physico-chemical properties of oil from some selected underutilized oil seeds available for biodiesel preparation. African Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 11, pp. 10003-10007.

Franco, V., Kousoulidou, M., Muntean, M., Ntziachristos, L., Hausberger S. and Dilara, P. (2013) “Road vehicle emission factors development: A review”. Atmos. Environ, vol.70, pp 84–97.

Ishola, F., Adeleken, D., Mamuda, A., Abodunrin, T., Aworinde, A., Olatunji, O. and Akinlabi, S. (2020) Biodiesel Production from Palm Olein: A Sustainable Bioresource for Nigeria. Heliyon, vol. 6 (http://creativecommon.org/license.by/4.0/) accessed 9/5/2023

Karmakar, A., Karmakar, S and Mukherje, S. (2010) Properties of Variuos Plants and Animals Feedstocks for Biodiesel Production. Bioresource Technology, vol. 101, pp. 7201-7210

Kurki A. I., Hill A. and Morris M. (2010) “Biodiesel: The Sustainability Dimensions. A Publication of ATTRA National Sustainable Agricultural Information Service. www.attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/biodiesel_sustainable pdf accessed 11/4/2023

Mofijur, M., Masjuk, H. H., Kalam, M. A., Rasul, M. G., Atabani, A. E., Hazrata M. A. and Mahmudul H. M. (2015) Effect of Biodiesel Blending on Physico-Chemical Properties of Biodiesel Produced from Moringa Oleifera. 6th BSME International Conference on Thermal Engineering (ICTE 2014) Procedia Engineering, vol. 105, pp. 665-669

Niju, S. P., Bolaji, M. and Anushya, C. (2019) A Comprehensive Review on Biodiesel Production using Moringa Oleifera Oil. International Journal of Green Energy, vol. 16(9), pp 1-14

Omonhinmin. C., Olomukoro. E., Ayoola. A. and Egwim. E. (2020) Utilization of Moringa oleifera oil for biodiesel production: A systematic review. Energy, vol. 8(1), pp 102 - 121

Rekha, G. and Rose, A. L. (2016) Physiochemical Properties of Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil. International Journal of Advance Engineering Research Technology, vol. 5, pp. 709-714

Sanjid, A., Masjuki, H. H., Kalam, M. A., Rahman, S. M. A. Abedin, M. J., and Palash, S. M. (2014) Production of palm and jatropha based biodiesel and investigation of palm-jatropha combined blend properties, performance, exhaust emission and noise in an unmodified diesel engine. J. Clean. Prod., vol. 65, pp 295–303

Satyanarayan M., Muraleedharan C., (2010) “Methyl Ester Production from Rubber seed Oil Using Two-step pre-treatment Process”. International Journal of Green Energy Vol.7 pp. 84- 90.

Soni S. H., (2011) Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil Technology. Research Journal of Agricultural Science, vol. 43(4), pp 80-85.

Vera I, and Langlois, L. (2007) Energy Indicators for Sustainable Development. Energy Journal, vol.32, pp 875–882.

Yasin, M. H. M., Mamat, R., Najafi, G., Ali, O. M., Yusop, A. F. and Ali, M. H. (2017) Potentials of palm oil as new feedstock oil for a global alternative fuel: A review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 79, pp 1034–1049.

Yilmaz, N., Vigil, F. M., Burl Donaldson, A. and Darabseh, T. (2014 Investigation of CI Engine Emissions in Biodiesel-Ethanol-Diesel Blends as a Function Of Ethanol Concentration. Journal of Fuel, vol.115, pp.790–793.

Zahan, K.A.; Kano, M. (2018) Biodiesel production from palm oil, its by-products, and mill effluent: A review. Energies, vol. 11, 2132. www.mdpi.com/journal/energies accessed 25/5/2023

Zubairu, A. and Ibrahim F. S., (2014) “MoringaOleifera oilseed as Viable Feedstock for Biodiesel Production in Northern Nigeria. International Journal of Energy Engineering. vol.3, pp 47-49.

Zubaru, A., Gimba, A. S. and Abdullahi, A. M. (2021) Production of and Characterization of Biodiesel from Hybrid Feedstock of Jatropha Curcas and Teveta Peruvian Seeds Oil. Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, vol. 17(4), pp. 469-480.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.