Investigation of Surge and Transient Flow Conditions in the Water Transmission Line at Ahmadu Bello University

Bamaiyi Usman Aliyu, Babatunde Adeogun, Al-Amin Danladi Bello, Abdulaziz Ahmad, Bashir Tanimu, Aliyu Ishaq, Khalid Sulaiman, Inusa Musa

Abstract


Surges and water hammer, a flow condition characterized by rapid changes in velocity and pressure over time, can damage a water transmission pipeline if it lacks adequate water hammer protection devices. The hydraulic behaviour of a redesigned portable water transmission line that flows from ABU Waterworks to Senate Tower was analyzed. There are many surges and water hammer analysis methods. Still, this dissertation work employed the graphical method (Parmakian charts), and the Allievi equations were used for the program using MATLAB and Bentley Hammer V8i software to investigate water hammer in a pipeline. The research revealed that during pump shutdown or power failure at the motors, the system could experience a water hammer pressure rise of 36.428 m above the normal pumping head of 52.04 m at a reverse speed of 4025.6 rpm within 17.71 seconds of power failure. Instantaneous check valve closure, which is consequent to power failure or sluice valve closure within less than 2.53 seconds, could lead to a pressure rise of 61.64 m above the normal pumping head. These conditions correspond to 70% and 118% of the normal pumping head, respectively, contrary to the pump manufacturer's recommended maximum head rise due to a 12.4% shut-off.


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