Application of Activated Carbon Prepared From Sugarcane Bagasse for Lead Removal from Wastewater

Aliyu Dandajeh Adamu, Donatus Begianpuye Adie, Charles Amen Okuofu, Abdulraheem Giwa

Abstract


Agricultural wastes are known to known to cause various pollutions to the environment and as such their applications for the removal of pollutants from wastewater is helpful. Sugarcane bagasse activated carbon was produced by two step activation methods by subjecting it to the carbonization temperature of 350oC at a heating rate of: 10oC/min for the residence time of 1hour and impregnated with H3PO4 at the ratio of 2:1. The batch adsorption experiment was under agitation time of: 10-120mins, adsorbent dosage of: 0.2-1.0g, initial lead concentration of: 10-60mg/l and operating temperature of: 30-50oC. The results indicated that the optimum dosage for the lead adsorption was 0.2g; while the optimum agitation time was 10mins. Furthermore, the optimum initial lead concentration was 60mg/l, while the optimum operating temperature was 50oC. However, the adsorption process fitted well to freundlich, temkin and Devinin-Redushkevich isotherms, with freundlich maximum adsorption capacity of 3.7705mg/g. However, the adsorption process was endothermic owing to the fact that adsorption of lead increases with increase in the operating temperature coupled with positive â–³H value of: 39.998kJ/mol. Moreover, the negative value of â–³G obtained signified that the adsorption process was spontaneous; while the positive value of â–³S suggested increase in the degree of freedom of lead ion onto sugarcane bagasse activated carbon. It was concluded that sugarcane bagasse can be effectively utilized to remove lead from wastewater.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Food and Agricultural Organisation (2013). Analysis of Incentives and disincentives for sugar in Nigeria, monitoring African food and agricultural policies, Rome

Adamu, A. and Ahmadu, M. S. (2015). Comparative Performance of saccharum officinarum (Sugarcane Bagasse) and parkia biglobosa (Locust Bean) in wastewater treatment. Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH), 34 (4), 861-867

Amores, I, Ballesteros, I, Manzanares, P, Saez, F, Michelena, G and Ballesteros, M. (2013). Ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse pretreated by steam explosion. Electronic Journal of Energy and Environment, 1(1)

Martincigh, B. S., Hamza, I. A. A., Ngila, J. C. and Nyamori, V. O. (2013). Adsorption studies of aqueous Pb (II) onto a sugarcane bagasse/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 66, 157-166, retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com

Gil, L. F., Karnitz, O. Jr, Guegel, L. V. A, Melo, J. C. P, Botaro, V. R, Melo, T. M. S., and Gil, R. P. F. (2007). Adsorption of heavy metals ions from aqueous single metal solution by chemically modified sugarcane bagasse. Bioresource Technology, 98 (2007), 1291-1297, retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com

Aliyah, N. B. (2012). Adsorption of lead using rice husk. B. Eng. Thesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaysia, Pahang

Lata, S. and Samadder, S. R. (2014). Removal of heavy metals using rice husk: A review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Development, 4 (2), 165-170, retrieved from http://www.ripublication.com/ijerd.htm

Gaikwad, S. and Mane, S. J. (2013). Reduction of chemical oxygen demand by using coconut shell activated carbon and sugarcane bagasse fly ash. International Journal of Science and Research, 4 (7), 462-465, retrieved from http://www.ijsr.net

Mohd Adib, M. R., Wan Suraya, R. W. S. and Rafidah, H. (2014). Optimization of sugarcane bagasse in removing contaminants from kitchen wastewater. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 8 (24), 264-268

Pareira, F. V., Gurgel, L. V. A. and Gil, L. F. (2010). Removal of Zn2+ from aqueous single metal solutions and electroplating wastewater with wood sawdust and sugarcane bagasse modified with EDTA dianhydride (EDTAD). Journal of Hazardous materials, 176 (2010), 856-863

Mohammed, Y. S. (2015). Performance evaluation of rice husk activated carbon for the treatment of water and removal of phenol. A PhD thesis, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria- Nigeria

Pradhan, S. (2011). Production and characterization of activated carbon produce from suitable industrial sludge. B. Tech. Thesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela

Coates, J. (2000). Interpretation of infrared spetra, Apractical approach, Encyclopedia in analytical chemistry, John wiley and sons, Ltd, Chichester, pp 10815 – 10837

Sovattei, C., Bacani, F. T., Promentilla, M. A. B., Hinode, H. and Seingheng, H. (2013). Utilization of untreated and treated rice husk as adsorbent for lead removal from wastewater. Presented at the Research Congress. De La Salle University Manila, March 7-9, 2013

Nsami, J. N. and Mbadcam, J. K. (2013). The adsorption efficiency of chemically prepared activated carbon from cola nut shell by ZnCl2 on methylene blue. Journal of Chemistry, (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/469170

Parate, V. R. and Talib, M. I. (2015). Utilization of pulp processing waste (Cajanus cajan husk) for developing metal adsorbent: A value-added exploitation of food industry waste. American Journal of Food Science and Technology, 3(1), 1-9

Dargo, H., Gabbiye, N. and Ayalew, A. (2014). Removal of methylene blue dye from textile wastewater using activated carbon prepared from rice husk. International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, 9 (20), 317-325

Surchi, K. M. S. (2011). Agricultural wastes as low cost adsorbents for Pb removal: kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics. International Journal of Chemistry, 3(3), 103-112

Mehdizadeh, S., Sadjadi, S., Ahmadi, S. J. and Outokesh, M. (2014). Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions using nanoparticles/zeolite-4A. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 12 (7), 1-7

Giwa, A. A., Bello, I. A., Oladipo, M. A. and Adeoye, D. O. (2013). Removal of cadmium by adsorption using the husk of melon (Citrullus lanatus) seed. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2 (1), 110-123

Ayub, S. and Changani, F. (2014). Adsorption process for wastewater treatment by using coconut shell. International Journal of Civil, Structural and Environmental and Infrastructural Engineering, 4 (3), 21-34

Salihi, U. I., Kutty, S. R. M. and Isa, M. H. (2017). Adsorption of lead ions onto activated carbon derived from sugarcane. 7th International Conference on key Engineering Materials. Conference series, material science engineering

Moyo, M., Chikazaza, L., Nyamuda, B. C. and Guyo, U. (2013). Adsorption batch studies on the removal of Pb (II) using maize tassel based activated carbon. Journal of Chemistry, 2013, 1 - 8

Akgun, A. M. (2005). Sorption of cadmium and lead on activated carbons produced from resins and agricultural wastes. MSc thesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Natural and Applied Sciences of Middle East Technical University

Abdel-Ghani, N. T., Hefny, M. and El-Chaghaby, G. A. F. (2007). Removal of lead from aqueous solution using low cost abundantly available adsorbents. International Journal of Environmental Science, 4 (1), 67-73

Mengistie, A. A., Siva Rao, T., Prasada Rao, A. V. and Singanan, M. (2008). Removal of Pb (II) from aqueous solutions using activated carbon obtained from Militia Ferruginea plant leaves. Chemical Society of Ethiopia, 22 (3), 349-360

Chowdhury, Z. Z., Sharfuddin, M. Z., Khan, R. A. Rafique, R. F. and Khalid. K. (2015). batch and fixed bed adsorption studies of lead (II) cations from aqueous solution onto granular activated carbon derived from mangostana garcinia shell, peer-reviewed Article, Bioresource 7 (3), 2895-2915

Rahman, Md. S. and Sathasivam, K. V. (2015). Heavy metals adsorption onto Kappaphycus s.p from aqueous solution: The use of error functions for validation of isotherms and kinetic models. Biomed International Journal, 2015, 1-13

Itodo, A. U. and Itodo, H. U. (2010). Sorption energies estimation using Dubinin-Redushkevich and Temkin adsorption isotherms. Journal of Life Science, 7 (4), retrieved from http://www.lifesciencesite.com

Dada, A. O., Olalekan, A. P., Olatunya, A. M. and Dada, O. (2012). Langmuir, freundlich, temkin and Dubini- Radushkevish isotherm studies of equilibrium sorption of Zn2+ onto phosphoric acid modified rice husk. Journal of Applied Chemistry, 3 (1), 38-45

Ferreira, B. C. S., Teodoro, F. S., Mageste, A. B., Gil, L. F., de Freitas, R. P. and Gurgel, L.V.A. (2015). Application of a new carboxylate-functionalized sugarcane bagasse for adsorptive removal of crystal violet from aqueous solution: Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies. Industrial Crops and Products, 65 (2015), 521-534

Gupta, A. and Mote, S. R. (2014). A comparative study and kinetics for the removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution by agricultural, timber and fruit waste. Chemical and Process Engineering Research, 19, 47-56

Zhang, X., Hao, Y., Wang, X. and Chen, Z. (2017). Rapid removal of Zn (II) from aqueous solution using a mesoporous activated carbon prepared from agricultural waste, Materials 10 (2017), 1002, http://doi: 10.3390/ma10091002

Purkait, M. K., Maiti, A., DasGupta, S. and De, S. (2007). Removal of congo dye using activated carbon and its regeneration. Journal of Hazardous Material, 145 (2007), 287-295


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.