The Concept of Conflict Trilogy: (Conflict Management, Conflict Resolution and Conflict Transformation) Including Peacemaking, Peacekeeping, Peacebuilding, Reconciliation, and Transitional Justice

Florence Iroagalachi

Abstract


Conflict is an inherent part of human societies, emerging due to divergent interests, values, and aspirations. This study explores the Conflict Trilogy, comprising Conflict Management, Conflict Resolution, and Conflict Transformation, alongside complementary approaches such as Peacemaking, Peacekeeping, Peacebuilding, Reconciliation, and Transitional Justice. The research critically examines these interconnected concepts from a global perspective, evaluates their application in Africa, and highlights their relevance in addressing conflicts in Nigeria. Findings reveal that conflicts in Africa are primarily driven by historical, socio-political, economic, and resource-based factors. In Nigeria, ethno-religious conflicts, insurgencies like Boko Haram, and resource disputes in the Niger Delta exemplify the region's complex conflict landscape. Strategies such as mediation, negotiation, military interventions, economic initiatives, and community-led peace efforts have been employed to address these conflicts, with varying degrees of success. The study underscores the importance of shifting from reactive conflict management to proactive conflict transformation, which involves addressing structural inequalities, fostering reconciliation, and strengthening governance institutions. The integration of peacebuilding initiatives and transitional justice mechanisms is crucial for sustainable peace and development.


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