Characterization of Raw and Alkali-Treated Typha Grass Fiber for Sustainable Composite Applications

Yusuf Tijjani, Taofeek Olaniyi Audu

Abstract


Extensive research has been conducted on the material characterization of various natural fibers, including hemp, flax, sisal, kenaf, coir, and jute, as well as their composites with polymer matrices. The inherent hydrophilicity of natural fibers can lead to inadequate interfacial bonding with hydrophobic matrices. Chemical modification of fiber surfaces, particularly alkalization; alkali treatment, has been employed to address the limitations associated with natural fibers. This research paper presents characterization of unexplored raw and NaOH-treated typha grass fiber (TGF) extracted from typha grass for sustainable composite applications. A comprehensive characterization was conducted using density measurements, water absorption tests, FTIR spectroscopy, and single fiber tensile tests. The treatment resulted in increased density, improved tensile strength and enhanced toughness, but reduced ductility, as evidenced by decreased Young's modulus and percent elongation at break. FTIR analysis showed the effective removal of hemicellulose, lignin, and wax from the fiber surface. Based on the characterization results, Typha grass fibers (TGFs) appear to be a viable candidate for reinforcement in green composites, offering potential for sustainable material applications.


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