Development of a Solar-Powered Remote-Controlled Seed Sprayer Machine

Agov Terhemen Emmanuel, Yekini Bello, Ajayi Joel Adewale, Ubaidullahi Munkaila Abdullahi, Tijani Abdqudus, Ugwueze Victor

Abstract


This paper presents the design, construction and testing of a solar-powered remote-controlled seed sprayer aimed at enhancing small scale farming efficiency. The prototype integrates a 20 W mono-crystalline solar panel with a 3.7 V Li-ion battery pack and an ESP-32 microcontroller (with Wi-Fi) to enable off-grid operation and wireless control. A centrifugal disc mechanism coupled with a servo-controlled gate meters and flings lightweight seeds (e.g. pepper, spinach) uniformly onto the soil. Field trials on sandy, loamy, and clay soils showed high seed distribution uniformity (≈85–90% on loam). The ESP-32’s Wi-Fi Access Point mode achieved rapid response (≈50 ms) and >95% command success at 10 m, and maintained ~90% reliability at 100 m. Under full sunlight, the 20 W panel supplied ≈12 W load power, sustaining ≈1.5 h operation with a 2200 mAh battery. By eliminating fossil fuels and enabling precise remote seeding, the system reduces labor and waste, offering a cost-effective tool for sustainable precision agriculture.


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References


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